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The role of leadership in an organizational system has remained of central concern in organization studies. Over the time, the emergence of various theories has unfolded the unique influential roles of leadership embedded in organizational management. Among various leadership styles and theories, a relatively new concept of Authentic Leadership (AL) is worthy of attention with respect to the changing demands of the media industry. The origin of the concept of authenticity is found in ancient Greek philosophy and it is defined in history as "being true to oneself". Trust is the basic constituent based on which people can count on one another and work together in a conducive environment. AL is an idea to leadership that focuses on developing leader's legitimacy via "honest relationships with followers". In this study, AL is measured through four dimensions that include Self-awareness, Balanced Processing, Moral Perspective and Relational Transparency. Media is expected to be a watchdog on affairs of the state and government, therefore, the public requires media industry to be responsive, transparent and unbiased based on principles of ethics and true reporting. In order to achieve a positive environment and culture in the organization, this study focuses on the idea of Organization Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in connection with AL. This paper investigates the relationship between the said variables and tries to find out the impact of AL on OCB, for that matter, a quantitative research strategy has been followed. Respondents for this study were conveniently selected from bureau offices of six news channels making the sample size to be 220

It is generally perceived that an Economy will experience rapid growth provided following Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are in positive direction i.e. political instability is low, mechanisms for voice and accountability exists, control of corruption subsists and the rule of law prevails. The study aims at exploring relationship between aforementioned WGI indicators and economic growth (GDP) using estimates related to Pakistan, provided by World Bank. Moreover, researchers attempt to identify which of the WGI indicators under consideration contribute most towards economic growth. A quantitative research strategy has been adopted and statistical tools (Spearman's rho correlation and regression) have been used to test the hypotheses that researchers developed using available literature. The study concludes that out of the four dimensions of good governance, political stability contributes highly towards economic growth.

The idea of e-governance is being appreciated and worked upon at various levels, however,this research focuses on the need of various workingsbefore e-governance mechanisms can actually be made operational. The literature suggests that any policy or reform that does not cater the local context and fulfill all pre-requisites is likely to faceserious hurdles and therefore might not reap desired results. The prime focus of this research is to test the societal e-readiness in connection with the idea of e-governance adaptability in the context of Pakistan. Recently, in Pakistan, several initiatives have been taken by government in order to shift towards this IT based governance structure from the traditional mode of governance. Based on the data collected from 312 university students and professionals, the developed model was tested using covariance based structural equation modeling (SEM) and the findings reveal that basic operational knowledge, networked society and availability of infrastructure respectively, are important facilitators that strengthen E-Governance adaptability. Apart from this inferential analysis, descriptive statistics were also used to identify various hurdles that people perceive regarding e-governance adaptability and it was found that resistance to change and lack of awareness are the biggest hurdles that people in Pakistan believe in the context of e-governance adaptability. Not just at the operational or practical level, the study also adds to the literature on new public governance theories

The sensitivity and importance of public sector organizations in general or the civil service in particular is high, particularly in democratic political environments. Their responsiveness and accountability towards the masses is one of the key requirements in terms of effective and efficient service delivery by all wings of the government. Apart from other factors, the existence of capacity and capacity building plays a vital role in determining success or failure of any public official. For that matter, this study focuses on one aspect of effective service delivery i.e. capacity building of public officials and challenges faced in this regard. A qualitative research strategy has been followed where 33 officers of senior/managerial cadre were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Purposive sampling strategy was used to select the participants of study. The rich data collected were analyzed using a thematic analysis technique. Themes emerging from the data revealed that serious capacity building issues and challenges exist in Pakistan's public sector owing to several reasons, some of them include lack of structured and service oriented modern programs, lack of the fit between performance and pay, absence of accountability mechanisms and red-tapism involved in Pakistan's bureaucracy. For that matter, it is the need of the hour that aforementioned factors must be taken into account and the needful shall be done by making changes in the civil service structure through reforms.

Local government system is the most efficient administrative unit to directly observe and deliver the basic needs of public in any country. Millennium Development Goals specific to education and health should also come under the prerogatives of local government based on their success indicators. But in Pakistan, MDG's have not been treated by politically and administratively decentralized local governments. This qualitative research study investigates the possible role of local government as per perception of real actors, which could have been played in augmenting the scope of primary education and health. The cross-sectional data was collected through interviews from officials working in education, health, and local government departments. Purposive sampling technique helped to select participants who have witnessed the changes in governing system before and after promulgation of LGO, 2001. Semantic approach of thematic analysis was used to analyze the Qualitative data. Analysis discovered the overlooked merits of decentralized local governments in regards to indicators defined by MDG's. Analysis also found the reasons that hindered the process of obtaining the MDG's specific to education and health, and factors to improve service delivery in both of these sectors. More than 80% of respondents have validated the unconditional need of politically decentralized local governments to deliver basic needs of public.

Integrating environmental goals in a company's mission and strategies not only improves the company's image as a socially responsible organization but also help in gaining a leading position of first mover advantage. In today"s era, due to the increasing pressures towards sustainability and pro-environment policies, organizations as well as governments are making efforts in this direction. The purpose of this study is to find out the role of organizations in following green practices such as green organizational identity and green innovation performance. The current study investigates the association between green organizational identity, environmental commitment, and green innovation performance. Moreover, we also investigate how environmental commitment mediates the relationship between green organizational identity and green innovation performance. Data from manufacturing organizations is taken, these are the companies registered with WWF Green office project. Following a quantitative approach, the hypotheses developed in the light of literature are tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Result indicates that a complementary partial mediation exists between green organizational identity, environmental commitment, and green innovation performance. Moreover, this study also aims to help in comprehending to what extent organizations are focusing on the environment and how much they value both the environment and making their operations green.

Purpose
People are more likely to participate in work-related events that might cause positive and negative affective reactions. Prior research linked coworker friendship with incivility; however, few studies investigated negative workplace gossip. Simultaneously, linking coworker friendship with incivility through positive/negative affective responses is lacking. As such, this paper aims to examine this relationship via the dual mediation effect of positive and negative workplace gossip.


Design/methodology/approach
A total of 398 subordinates at family restaurants in Greater Cairo were surveyed, and data was analyzed using SmartPLS4.


Findings
Coworker friendship significantly influences coworker incivility via positive and negative workplace gossip and other underlying mechanisms.


Research limitations/implications
Managers should take the initiative to decrease gossip by sharing information promptly and thoroughly and establishing effective channels for information exchange. In the case of an informal plan, restaurant managers may seek to create a welcoming and motivating corporate atmosphere and cultivate social ties among subordinates to prevent the creation of negative gossip. Restaurant managers should give victims of negative gossip timely psychological counseling.


Originality/value
This paper contributes to the restaurant literature on affective emotional responses to coworkers' judgment-driven behavior from new perspectives.

Purpose
The study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial leadership (EL), competencies (ECs) and intentions (EIs) on enterprise performance (EP) via entrepreneurial resilience (ER) and risk-taking propensity (RTP).


Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 403 early-stage small and medium enterprise (SME) owners in Pakistan at two-time intervals and were analyzed using AMOS 22.


Findings
All predictors (i.e. EIs, EL and ECs) positively affected EP and ER, except for EL and ER. Furthermore, RTP and ER were serially mediated in linking EIs and ECs with EP but could not establish a link between EL and EP.


Research limitations/implications
The findings reveal that the Pakistani government and business owners must focus on SMEs' sustained development and prioritize ECs.


Originality/value
This paper is unique in nature, as understanding EIs, EL and ECs in a holistic framework has never been tested before in relation to EP.

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in determining the enterprise performance (EP) during Covid-19. Moreover, in context of this relationship, the mediating role of entrepreneurial competencies (EC) has also been investigated in influencing the EO and EP connection. This quantitative study employs techniques for operationalizing and quantifying the variables under consideration followed by various statistical operations using SPSS and AMOS in order to test and explore the relationship as proposed in the conceptual framework, using data from 386 small enterprises as sample identified through Systematic random sampling. The analysis revealed that a positive relationship exists among all the constructs directly as well as through the mediator (EC). However, the strongest direct relation existed between risk taking propensity (RTP) and enterprise performance. Moreover, when EC is introduced as the mediator between the dependent and independent variables, again RTP path showed the strongest link. Several governments, particularly in the underdeveloped or developing countries try to support and boost the development of small businesses for the achievement of developmental objectives as well as to address the challenge of unemployment. This research explores both these key components in the context of Pakistan, testing the importance of EO and EC for small businesses. This study also provides the roadmap for policy makers to strengthen small enterprises for better performance.